{"id":5434,"date":"2017-09-11T16:24:32","date_gmt":"2017-09-11T09:24:32","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/hat.hueuni.dexmanone.com\/?p=5434"},"modified":"2017-09-11T16:37:37","modified_gmt":"2017-09-11T09:37:37","slug":"vai-tro-dai-su-cua-huong-dan-vien-trong-su-phat-trien-du-lich","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/dexmanone.com\/vai-tro-dai-su-cua-huong-dan-vien-trong-su-phat-trien-du-lich.html","title":{"rendered":"VAI TR\u00d2 \u00ab \u0111\u1ea1i s\u1ee9 \u00bb C\u1ee6A H\u01af\u1edaNG D\u1eaaN VI\u00caN TRONG S\u1ef0 PH\u00c1T TRI\u1ec2N DU L\u1ecaCH"},"content":{"rendered":"

Du l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i. JEAN SERRES – nh\u00e0 ngo\u1ea1i giao Ph\u00e1p n\u1ed5i ti\u1ebfng \u0111\u00e3 n\u00f3i: \u201cLa diplomatic est une science qu\u2019on doit apprendre les regles et un art qu\u2019on doit suprendre les secrets\u201d (t\u1ea1m d\u1ecbch l\u00e0 \u201cNgo\u1ea1i giao l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t khoa h\u1ecdc m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i h\u1ecdc c\u00e1c nguy\u00ean t\u1eafc v\u00e0 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt m\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta ph\u1ea3i n\u1eafm b\u1eaft cho \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nh\u1eefng b\u00ed quy\u1ebft\u201d.\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch, tr\u01b0\u1edbc h\u1ebft ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ed1i ngo\u1ea1i, tr\u1ee3 gi\u00fap du kh\u00e1ch kh\u00e1m ph\u00e1 v\u00e0 t\u00ecm hi\u1ec3u \u201cc\u00e1i th\u1ef1c v\u00e0 c\u00e1i \u0111\u1eb9p\u201d <\/em><\/strong>c\u1ee7a cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 con ng\u01b0\u1eddi.<\/span><\/p>\n

\u1ede n\u01b0\u1edbc ta, ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u00e3 v\u00e0 \u0111ang tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf m\u0169i nh\u1ecdn trong chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1edbi nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 nhi\u1ec1u ti\u1ec1m n\u0103ng v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng. Ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n du l\u1ecbch v\u1edbi t\u01b0 c\u00e1ch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf n\u00f3 t\u1ea1o ra thu nh\u1eadp ngo\u1ea1i t\u1ec7 cho ng\u00e2n s\u00e1ch qu\u1ed1c gia, t\u1ea1o vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m, t\u0103ng thu nh\u1eadp cho ng\u01b0\u1eddi lao \u0111\u1ed9ng, g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n xo\u00e1 \u0111\u00f3i gi\u1ea3m ngh\u00e8o. M\u1eb7c kh\u00e1c, du l\u1ecbch \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ng\u00e0nh kinh t\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p. S\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a du l\u1ecbch g\u00f3p ph\u1ea7n th\u00fac \u0111\u1ea9y s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 n\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u00e0 c\u00e1c th\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p m\u1ef9 ngh\u1ec7, c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p ch\u1ebf bi\u1ebfn, vi\u1ec5n th\u00f4ng, giao th\u00f4ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i…. t\u0103ng c\u01b0\u1eddng giao l\u01b0u v\u00e0 h\u1ee3p t\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf tr\u00ean c\u00e1c l\u00e3nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1eddi s\u1ed1ng x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, do m\u1ee9c \u0111\u1ed9 c\u1ea1nh tranh ng\u00e0y c\u00e0ng gia t\u0103ng c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n du l\u1ecbch c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc lu\u00f4n ch\u00fa tr\u1ecdng n\u00e2ng cao ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 th\u00f4ng qua vi\u1ec7c kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng ho\u00e0n thi\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng n\u00f3i chung, h\u1ea1 t\u1ea7ng k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt du l\u1ecbch n\u00f3i ri\u00eang, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 kh\u00f4ng ng\u1eebng \u0111\u00e0o t\u1ea1o ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n ngu\u1ed3n nh\u00e2n l\u1ef1c du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng cao. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ng\u00e0nh du l\u1ecbch Vi\u1ec7t Nam tr\u00ean con \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp kinh t\u1ebf du l\u1ecbch m\u00e0 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ng\u00e0nh c\u00e1c c\u1ea5p li\u00ean quan v\u00e0 c\u1ee7a to\u00e0n x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i v\u00ec s\u1ef1 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n

Ngh\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 r\u1ea5t kh\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c, k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 s\u1ef1 kh\u00e9o l\u00e9o trong giao ti\u1ebfp. Nh\u01b0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi ta th\u01b0\u1eddng c\u00f3 c\u00e2u \u201cM\u00e9p c\u00e1 tr\u00f4i, m\u00f4i h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn\u201d, <\/em><\/strong>ngh\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 v\u1eeba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c xem l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 phi\u00ean d\u1ecbch l\u1ea1i v\u1eeba l\u00e0 c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi c\u00e1n b\u1ed9 l\u00e0m ngh\u1ec1 ngo\u1ea1i giao, tuy\u00ean truy\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c quan h\u1ec7 c\u00f4ng ch\u00fang. <\/em><\/strong>Ngo\u00e0i ra, ngh\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi ng\u01b0\u1eddi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u00f3 s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb t\u1ed1t, t\u00ednh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 m\u1ec1m m\u1ecfng linh ho\u1ea1t trong h\u00e0nh vi \u1ee9ng x\u1eed.<\/span><\/p>\n

M\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3ng r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u vai trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee9c n\u0103ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh. \u0110\u00f4i khi h\u1ecd l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ef9 bi\u1ec3u di\u1ec5n tr\u00ean c\u00e1c s\u00e2n kh\u1ea5u \u0111\u1eddi th\u01b0\u1eddng, nh\u01b0ng c\u00f3 khi h\u1ecd nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 nh\u1eefng ngo\u1ea1i giao c\u1ee7a \u0111\u1ea5t n\u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin m\u00e0 h\u1ecd truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t cho du kh\u00e1ch c\u00f3 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp \u0111\u1ebfn vi\u1ec7c h\u00ecnh th\u00e0nh n\u00ean h\u00ecnh \u1ea3nh c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia, m\u1ed9t d\u00e2n t\u1ed9c, m\u1ed9t \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn trong t\u00e2m tr\u00ed du kh\u00e1ch, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 \u0111\u01a1n thu\u1ea7n l\u00e0 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin v\u1ec1 \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng kh\u00f3 nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch.<\/span><\/p>\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, ngh\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 ngh\u1ec1 \u0111em l\u1ea1i tr\u1ebb trung, h\u1ee9ng kh\u1edfi v\u00e0 l\u00e0m say l\u00f2ng ng\u01b0\u1eddi v\u00ec t\u00ednh ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt, s\u1ef1 thi v\u1ecb, sinh \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 t\u00ednh h\u00e0i h\u01b0\u1edbc trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. H\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0m sao cho kh\u00e1ch c\u1ea3m th\u1ea5y tho\u1ea3i m\u00e1i vui v\u1ebb v\u00e0 mong mu\u1ed1n quay tr\u1edf l\u1ea1i sau m\u1ed9t cu\u1ed9c h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh t\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn. H\u01a1n ai h\u1ebft, h\u01b0\u00f3ng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean s\u1ebd l\u00e0 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp chuy\u1ec3n t\u1ea3i c\u00e1i hay, c\u00e1i h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn, c\u00e1i m\u1edbi l\u1ea1 v\u00e0 n\u00e9t \u0111\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ebfn v\u00e0 c\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 m\u00e1y m\u00f3c n\u00e0o c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf. V\u00ec v\u1eady, s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i c\u1ee7a c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u00f3 khi s\u1ebd g\u00e2y nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n cho ch\u00ednh h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean n\u1ebfu h\u1ecd kh\u00f4ng bi\u1ebft s\u00e1ng t\u1ea1o v\u00e0 t\u00ecm ki\u1ebfm cho m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t phong c\u00e1ch chu\u1ea9n m\u1ef1c trong cu\u1ed9c s\u1ed1ng c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 trong c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c.<\/span><\/p>\n

B\u00ean c\u1ea1nh \u0111\u00f3, c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng k\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean du l\u1ecbch. \u0110\u00e2y th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n, v\u1ea5t v\u1ea3 v\u00e0 n\u1eb7ng nh\u1ecdc, kh\u00f4ng nh\u1eefng y\u00eau c\u1ea7u cao v\u1ec1 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u00e1p l\u1ef1c v\u1ec1 th\u1eddi gian l\u00e0m vi\u1ec7c. Lao \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi s\u1ee9c kho\u1ebb kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 v\u1ec1 m\u1eb7t th\u1ec3 ch\u1ea5t m\u00e0 c\u00f2n v\u1ec1 th\u1ea7n kinh v\u00e0 tr\u00ed tu\u1ec7, y\u00eau c\u1ea7u s\u1ef1 ki\u00ean tr\u00ec v\u00e0 b\u1ec1n b\u1ec9. M\u1eb7t kh\u00e1c, th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf cho th\u1ea5y \u0111a s\u1ed1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean l\u00e0 n\u1eef, trong khi ngh\u1ec1 n\u00e0y c\u0169ng kh\u00e1 kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef v\u00ec nh\u1eefng \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng n\u00f3i tr\u00ean, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ph\u1ee5 n\u1eef \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eadp gia \u0111\u00ecnh v\u00e0 c\u00f3 con c\u00e1i.<\/span><\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 \u0111\u00e3 gi\u1edbi thi\u1ec7u \u1edf tr\u00ean, ngh\u1ec1 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn du l\u1ecbch th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ngh\u1ec1 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ec9 ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p m\u00e0 c\u00f2n \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean ph\u1ea3i th\u1ef1c s\u1ef1 c\u00f3 k\u1ef9 n\u0103ng giao ti\u1ebfp v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 t\u00ednh ki\u00ean nh\u1eabn v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1o \u0111\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p (t\u00ednh nh\u00e2n v\u0103n c\u1ee7a ngh\u1ec1). Trong su\u1ed1t h\u00e0nh tr\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ebfn \u0111i\u1ec3m du l\u1ecbch, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi du kh\u00e1ch th\u00ec ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c v\u00e0 s\u1ef1 tr\u1ea3i nghi\u1ec7m l\u00e0 m\u1edbi m\u1ebd v\u00e0 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn,\u00a0 trong khi \u0111\u00f3 l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 s\u1ef1 l\u1eb7p \u0111i l\u1eb7p l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y d\u1ec5 g\u00e2y nh\u00e0m ch\u00e1n cho h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean v\u00e0 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 sinh ra nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng ti\u00eau c\u1ef1c \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 c\u1ea3m gi\u00e1c m\u1ec7t m\u1ecfi, thi\u1ebfu nhi\u1ec7t t\u00ecnh v\u00e0 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t th\u00f4ng tin m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u2018v\u00f4 c\u1ea3m\u2019, h\u1eddi h\u1ee3t\u2026Do v\u1eady, b\u00ean c\u1ea1nh ki\u1ebfn th\u1ee9c ngh\u1ec1 nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft cho c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c th\u00ec l\u00f2ng m\u1ebfn kh\u00e1ch, y\u00eau ngh\u1ec1 v\u00e0 ngh\u1ec7 thu\u1eadt truy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ea1t c\u1ee7a h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn vi\u00ean lu\u00f4n l\u00e0 y\u1ebfu t\u1ed1 c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng d\u1ecbch v\u1ee5 h\u01b0\u1edbng d\u1eabn. Y\u00eau c\u1ea7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 nh\u01b0 sau:<\/span><\/p>\n